“望子成龙”有效吗？——基于亲子教育期望偏差对学业成绩的影响研究

家长可以适度降低对孩子成绩的期望 #生活技巧# #家庭教育建议# #学业压力缓解#

摘要：

教育期望是个体、父母或教师对学习者未来教育水平的预期，对学业表现与个体发展影响巨大。大量研究忽视了父母和子女之间教育期望差异的普遍存在，而相关差异极易造成个体欠佳的行为表现。本文基于2014—2015年“中国教育追踪调查”数据，采用最小二乘回归（OLS）、倾向得分匹配（PSM）和Bootstrap法中介效应检验，探究亲子教育期望偏差对青少年学业成绩的影响及作用机制。研究发现：亲子教育期望偏差显著负向影响青少年的学业成绩。以强烈的“望子成龙”心愿为典型表现的上偏型亲子教育期望偏差并不合理，对学业成绩有显著负向影响，而下偏型亲子教育期望偏差与学业成绩之间不存在显著关系。心理压力、学业负担和负向情绪在上偏型亲子教育期望偏差和学业成绩之间起部分中介作用。与女生相比，男生的学业成绩更易受到上偏型亲子教育期望偏差的负向冲击。基于此，提出形成适度教育期望、增进亲子沟通交流等对策建议。

关键词: 青少年, 教育期望偏差, 学业成绩, 作用机制

Abstract:

Educational expectations are the expectations of individuals, parents, or teachers for the future level of education of learners, which have a great impact on academic performance and individual development. Numerous studies have overlooked the prevalence of differences in educational expectations between parents and children, while such differences can easily result in poor behavioral and performance. Based on the large-scale data of the 2014—2015 China Education Panel Survey, we use OLS, PSM and corrected Bootstrap method to explore the effects of parent-child discrepancies in education expectations on the academic performance of adolescents, as well as the differences in the influence mechanisms. The research has found that, firstly, parent-child discrepancies in education expectations have negative and significant effects on the academic performance of adolescents. Secondly, upward-biased parent-child discrepancies in education expectations, typically manifest as holding high hopes for children, are not rational, with a significant and negative effect on academic performance. However, there is no significant relationship between downward-biased parent-child discrepancies in education expectations and academic performance. Thirdly, psychological stress, academic burden and negative emotions play partial mediating roles in the relationship between the upward-biased parent-child discrepancies in education expectations and academic achievement. Finally, compared to that of girls, the academic performance of boys is more susceptible to the negative impact of upward-biased parent-child discrepancies in education expectations. Based on the results of empirical research, we put forward countermeasures such as forming appropriate educational expectations and improving parent-child communication.

Key words: adolescents, discrepancies in educational expectations, academic performance, mechanism

网址：“望子成龙”有效吗？——基于亲子教育期望偏差对学业成绩的影响研究 https://c.klqsh.com/news/view/276772

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